Bibliography

Scroll to:
Publications from this research
Sources on HOLC
Sources on Redlining
Sources on Neighborhood Appraisals



Publications from this research
(return to top)


Hillier, Amy (forthcoming), "Spatial Analysis of Redlining: A Methodological Exploration," Journal of Housing.

Hillier, Amy (2003), "Redlining and the Home Owners' Loan Corporation," Journal of Urban History 29(4): 394-420.

Hillier, Amy (2003), "Who Received Loans? Home Owners' Loan Corporation Lending and Discrimination in Philadelphia
in the 1930s," Journal of Planning History 2(1): 3-24.

Hillier, Amy (2002), "Redlining in Philadelphia," in Anne K. Knowles, editor, Past Time, Past Place: GIS for History (Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute).

Hillier, Amy (in review), "Analyzing the Residential Security Maps of the Home Owners' Loan Corporation,"
Social Science History.


Sources on HOLC (return to top)


Allen, Robert C. (1950). The Home Owner's Loan Corporation: An Experiment in American Finance. MBA Thesis,
Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.

"Area Descriptions: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania," Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Records of the City Survey Program,"
RG 195, National Archives II, College Park, MD.

Bartelt, David. (1979). Redlines and breadlines: depression and the structure of urban space. Unpublished paper.
Philadelphia: Department of Urban Studies, Temple University.

Bridewell, David A. (1938). The Federal Home Loan Bank Board and Its Agencies.

"City Survey Program: a review of the objectives, achievements, administrative operations, and related policies," (c. 1942)
in Forrest R. Holdcamper, "Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the Federal Home Loan Bank System," March 1965, RG 195, National Archives II, College Park, MD.

"Explanation: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania," Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Records of the City Survey Program,"
RG 195, 450/68/03/02, National Archives II, College Park, MD.

Foreclosures by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation. (1935). Federal Home Loan Bank Review, 2(3): 103.

Harriss, C. Lowell. (1951). History and Policies of the Home Owners' Loan Corporation. New York:
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

Hillier, Amy (2003), "Redlining and the Home Owners' Loan Corporation," Journal of Urban History 29(4): 394-420.

Hillier, Amy (2003), "Who Received Loans? Home Owners' Loan Corporation Lending and Discrimination in Philadelphia
in the 1930s," Journal of Planning History 2(1): 3-24.

Hillier, Amy (2002), "Redlining in Philadelphia," in Anne K. Knowles, editor, Past Time, Past Place: GIS for History (Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute).

Holdcamper, Forrest R. "Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the Federal Home Loan Bank System," March 1965, RG 195, National Archives II, College Park, MD.

Home Owners' Loan Act of 1933 As Amended. (1933). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

Home Owners' Loan Corporation. (1936). Federal Home Loan Bank Review, 2(11): 420.

Home Owners' Loan Corporation. (1934). Manual of Rules and Regulations of the Home Owners' Loan Corporation. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

How the HOLC is preparing to handle foreclosed properties. (1935). National Real Estate Journal, 36(13): 37.

Jackson, Kenneth T. (1985). Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States.
New York: Oxford University Press.

Jackson, Kenneth T. (1980). Race, Ethnicity, and Real Estate Appraisal: The Home Owners Loan Corporation
and the Federal Housing Administration, Journal of Urban History, 6(4), 419-452.

Keefer, D. (1938). Risk rating homes. The Review of the Society of Residential Appraisers, 4(1): 3-5.

Waverly: A Study in Neighborhood Conservation. (1940). Washington, DC: Federal Home Loan Bank Board.


Sources on Redlining (return to top)


Black, Harold A. 1999. Is There Discrimination in Mortgage Lending? What Does the Research Tell Us?
The Review of Political Economy 27(1): 23-30.

Benston, George J., Horsky, Dan, and Weingartner, H. Martin. (1978). An Empirical Study of Mortgage Redlining.
Monograph Series in Finance and Economics
. New York: New York University.

Bogdon, Amy S. and Bell, Carol A. (1999). "Making Fair Lending a Reality in the New Millenium,"
Proceedings of the Fannie Mae Foundation research roundtable.

Canner, Glenn B. (1982). Redlining: Research and Federal Legislative Response.
Washington, DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Chicago Commission on Race Relations. (1922). The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Courchane, Marsha, Nebhut, David and Nickerson, David. (2000). Lessons Learned: Statistical Techniques and Fair Lending. Journal of Housing Research 11(2): 277-295.

Dedman, Bill. (1988). "The Color of Money." Atlanta Journal-Constitution, May 1-4.

Galster, George C. (1993). Use of Testers in Investigating Discrimination in Mortgage Lending and Insurance in
Michael Fix and Raymond J. Struyk, Eds., Clear and Convincing Evidence: Measurement of Discrimination in America. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press, 287-334.

Goering, John and Wienk, Ron, eds. (1996). Mortgage Lending, Racial Discrimination, and Federal Policy.
Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press.

Guttentag, Jack M. and Wachter, Susan M. (1980). Redlining and Public Policy. Monograph Series in Finance and
Economics. New York: New York University.

Hillier, Amy. (forthcoming). "Spatial Analysis of Redlining: A Methodological Exploration," Journal of Housing.

Holloway, Steven R. (1998). Exploring the Neighborhood Contingency of Race Discrimination in Mortgage Lending
in Columbus, Ohio. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 88(2): 252-276.

Holloway, Steven R. and Wyly, Elvin K. (2001). "The Color of Money" Expanded: Geographically Contingent Mortgage Lending in Atlanta. Journal of Housing Research 12(1): 55-90.

King, A. Thomas. (1980). Discrimination in Mortgage Lending: A Study of Three Cities. Monograph Series in Finance and
Economics. New York: New York University.

Lang, William W. and Nakamura, Leonard I. (1993). A Model of Redlining. Journal of Urban Economics 33(2): 223-234.

Ling, David C. and Wachter, Susan M. (1998). Information Externalities and Home Mortgage Underwriting.
Journal of Urban Economics 44(3): 317-332.

Marcuse, Peter. (1979). The Deceptive Consensus on Redlining: Definitions Do Matter.
Journal of the American Planning Association 45(4): 549-556.

Munnell, Alicia H., Browne, Lynne E., McEneaney, James, and Tootell, Geoffrey M. B. (1992). Mortgage Lending in Boston: Interpreting HMDA Data. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Working Paper 92-07.
Boston: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, October.

Munnell, Alicia H., Tootell, Geoffrey M. B., Browne, Lynn E., and McEneaney, James. (1996). Lending in Boston: Interpreting HMDA Data. American Economic Review 86(March): 25-53.

National Commission on Urban Problems. (1969). Building the American City: Report of the National Commission
on Urban Problems
. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Publishers.

Phillips-Patrick, Fred J. and Rossi, Clifford V. (1996). Statistical Evidence of Mortgage Redlining? A Cautionary Tale.
Journal of Real Estate Research 11(1): 13-23.

Pennington-Cross, Anthony and Yezer, Anthony M. (2000). The Federal Housing Administration in the New Millenium.
Journal of Housing Research 11(2): 357-372.

The President's National Advisory Panel on Insurance in Riot-Affected Areas. (1968). Meeting the Insurance Crisis of
Our Cities
. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

Ross, Stephen L. and Yinger, John. (2002). The Color of Credit: Mortgage Discrimination, Research Methodology, and
Fair-lending Enforcement
. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Schafer, Robert and Ladd, Helen F. (1981). Discrimination in Mortgage Lending. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Schill, Michael H. and Wachter, Susan M. (1993). A Tale of Two Cities: Racial and Ethnic Geographic Disparities in
Home Mortgage Lending in Boston and Philadelphia. Journal of Housing Research 4(2): 245-275.

Squires, Gregory D. and O-Connor, Sally. (2001). Color and Money. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Squires, Gregory. (1994). Capital and Communities in Black and White. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Squires, Gregory, ed. (1992). From Redlining to Reinvestment. Philadelphia: Temple University.

Tootell, Geoffrey M. B. (1996). Redlining in Boston: Do Mortgage Lenders Discriminate Against Neighborhoods?
Quarterly Journal of Economics 111(4): 1049-1079.

Wienk, Ronald E. (1992). Discrimination in Urban Credit Markets: What We Don't Know and Why We Don't Know It.
Housing Policy Debate 3(2): 217-240.

Yinger, John. (1995). Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination.
New York: Russel Sage Foundation.

Zenou, Yves and Boccard, Nicolas. (2000). Racial Discrimination and Redlining in Cities.
Journal of Urban Economics 48: 260-285.


Sources on Neighborhood Appraisals (return to top)


Babcock, Frederick M., Massey, Maurice R. Jr., and Greene, Walter L. (1938). Techniques of residential location rating. Journal of the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, 6(2): 133-140.

Babcock, Frederick. (1936). Risk rating from the lender's view. Insured Mortgage Portfolio, 1(6): 15-16, 24.

Babcock, Frederick. (1935). The determination of mortgage risk. Journal of the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, 3(4): 316-323.

Babcock, Frederick M. (1932). The Valuation of Real Estate. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.

Beede, Kenneth D. (1938). Advances in FHA mortgage risk rating. Insured Mortgage Portfolio, 2(9): 10-11, 20-21.

Downs, Anthony. (2000). Comment on John T. Metzger's "Planned abandonment: the neighborhood life-cycle theory and national urban policy." Housing Policy Debate, 11(1): 41-54.

DuBois, Ayers J. (1935). The valuation of mortgage risk rating systems of the Federal Housing Administration.
Journal of the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, 3(4), pp. 324-334.

Federal Housing Administration. (1935, 1936, 1938, 1947). Underwriting Manual. Washington, DC.

Federal Housing Administration, Cartographic Records, RG 31, Philadelphia folder, National Archives II, College Park, MD.

Galster, George C. (2000). Comment on John T. Metzger's "Planned abandonment: the neighborhood life-cycle theory and national urban policy." Housing Policy Debate, 11(1): 61-66.

Graham, Joseph W. (1937). FHA Underwriters and their functions. Insured Mortgage Portfolio, 1(10): 15-16, 24.

Helper, Rose. (1969). Racial Policies and Practices of Real Estate Brokers. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Hoyt, Homer. (1966). According to Hoyt: 50 Years of Homer Hoyt. Washington, DC.

Hoyt, Homer. (1937). The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities.
Washington, DC: Federal Housing Administration.

Importance of good appraising stressed at Detroit meeting. (1936). National Real Estate Journal, 37(11): 24

McMichael, Stanley L. (1938). McMichael's Appraising Manual. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Metzger, John T. (2000). Planned abandonment: The neighborhood life-cycle theory and national urban policy.
Housing Policy Debate, 11(1): 7-40.

Metzger, John T. (1999). Social Capitalism in American Cities. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University.

Mohl, Raymond A. (1997). "The Second Ghetto and the 'Infiltration Theory' in Urban Real Estate, 1940-1960," in Thomas, June Manning and Ritzdorf, Marsha, eds., Urban Planning and the African American Community: In the Shadows.
Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Neighborhood rating. (1940). The Review of the Society of Residential Appraisers, 6(8): 391.

Neighborhood standards as they affect investment risk (a twelve article series). (1935-1936).
Federal Home Loan Bank Review. 1(11)-2(11).

A new map aid for mortgage lenders. (1937) Insured Mortgage Portfolio, 1(12): 8-10, 22.

New Manual Gives FHA Method of Rating Mortgage Risk. (1935). National Real Estate Journal, 36(5): 25-26.

"The Preparation of Maps Showing the Dynamic Factors of City Growth," Exhibit J, "Program for the Study
of Sixty-two Cities." (1935). Federal Housing Administration, RG 31, National Archives II, College Park, MD.

Russell, Horace. (1935). Appraisal for long term mortgage loans. Journal of the American Institute
of Real Estate Appraisers
, 3(3): 265.

Security maps for analysis of mortgage lending areas. (1936). Federal Home Loan Bank Review, 2(11): 291.

Smith, L. Elden. (1938). Measuring the neighborhood risk. Insured Mortgage Portfolio, 2(8): 9-11, 22-23.

Wagner, Percy E. (1937). Appraisal procedure of federal agencies. The Journal of the American Institute
of Real Estate Appraisers
, 5(3): 240.

 

Introduction to Redlining in Philadelphia